###### Visualization color scales

Problem Which classes of color scales the following color-mappings belong to? a) b) c) d)

###### Regression: Model selection for a bivariate data using Excel

Problem Supposed we have observed a dataset comprised of events with two attributes $x$ and $y$ as in this file: data.xlsx. Plot this data in Microsoft Excel. Form a hypothesis about the relationship between $x$ and $y$. Use Excel’s Trendline...

###### Cognitive Biases

Problem Suppose I have discovered a positive relationship between properties of some celestial objects, like the one formed by the black dots in the following figure. But in making such a discovery, I repeatedly and subconsciously throw away any data...

###### Visualizing and comparing the temperatures of Honolulu and Duluth

Problem Consider the following csv dataset containing the temperature of cities around the world from 1995 to 2020. Each row in the file corresponds to the average temperature (in Fahrenheit) of a city in a given day of the year....

###### Visualizing and comparing the temperatures of Honolulu and Duluth via Excel

Problem Consider the following Excel dataset containing the temperature of two US cities Honolulu, HI and Duluth, MN from 1995 to 2020. There are two pages in the Excel file: Duluth, and Honolulu. Each row in the file corresponds to...

###### Visualizing the average precipitation of the US states vs. sunshine

Problem Consider the following dataset containing the average annual precipitation in the US states between 1971-2000 and this dataset. Combine these two datasets in Excel and generate a plot of US states precipitation vs. sunshine like the following figure. Note...

###### Computing the Spearman rank correlation coefficient of a dataset

Problem Recall the globalLandTempHist.txt dataset that consisted of the global land temperature of Earth over the past 300 years. Also recall the Spearman correlation rank coefficient is merely the Pearson’s correlation coefficient of the ranks of two attributes in a...

###### Monte Carlo approximation of the number Pi using a full circle

Problem Suppose we did not know the value of $\pi$ and we wanted to estimate its value using Monte Carlo methods. One practical approach is to draw a square sides equal to $a = 2$, with its diagonal opposite corners...